关于“turn”的词语解析
“turn”是英语中多词性、多含义的常用词,既可作为动词,也可作名词,部分语境下还能以形容词或副词形式出现。下面内容是其核心词性及用法
一、词性分类
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动词(v.)
- 基本含义:表示物理转动、路线改变或情形转化。
- 物理动作:
- 旋转、转动(例:Turn the key to start the engine.)
- 翻转(例:She turned the page of the book.)
- 路线/情形变化:
- 转向(例:Turn left at the traffic light.)
- 变成(例:The caterpillar will turn into a butterfly.)
- 天气/颜色变化(例:The leaves turned red in autumn.)
- 物理动作:
- 基本含义:表示物理转动、路线改变或情形转化。
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名词(n.)
- 核心含义:指转动行为、机会或变化节点。
- 转动/旋转(例:The wheel made a full turn.)
- 轮次/机会(例:It’s your turn to speak.)
- 转折点(例:The story took a surprising turn.)
- 转弯处(例:There’s a sharp turn in the road.)
- 核心含义:指转动行为、机会或变化节点。
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形容词(turned)与副词(turning)
- 形容词:描述已完成的路线或情形变化(例:turned up collar 翻领)
- 副词:强调持续或进行中的变化(例:The weather is turning cold.)
二、常见搭配与习语
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动词短语
- turn off:关闭(例:Turn off the lights.)
- turn into:变成(例:Water turns into ice at 0°C.)
- turn up:出现/调高(例:He turned up unexpectedly.)
- turn over:翻转/移交(例:Turn over the document.)
-
名词短语
- take a turn:转向/变化(例:The situation took a turn for the worse.)
- in turn:依次(例:Students answered the questions in turn.)
-
习语表达
- turn a blind eye:视而不见(例:The teacher can’t turn a blind eye to cheating.)
- turn the tables:逆转局势(例:They turned the tables and won the game.)
三、词源与扩展
- 词源:源自古英语“turnian”,与日耳曼语系中“转动”相关。
- 同义词:rotate(旋转)、shift(移动)、transform(转变)
- 反义词:stay(保持)、remain(维持原状)
四、应用示例
- 物理动作:
- He turned the steering wheel sharply.(他猛打路线盘)
- 情形变化:
- Her smile turned into a frown.(她的笑容转为皱眉)
- 抽象概念:
- The debate turned on ethical issues.(辩论围绕伦理难题展开)
“turn”一个动态性极强的词汇,既能描述具体动作(如转动、转向),也能表达抽象变化(如情形转换、机会轮替)。其多词性特点使其在英语中应用广泛,需结合语境灵活领会。